Syntax Classification of Verbs#
| Syntax Classification | Verb Terminology |
|---|---|
| School Grammar (for Native Speakers) | Godan Verbs, Ichidan Verbs, Kuru and Suru Verbs |
| Education Grammar (for Foreigners) | Type I Verbs, Type II Verbs, Type III Verbs |
Personally, I prefer School Grammar because it is easier to remember.
Related Notes: Godan Verbs, Ichidan Verbs
Suru and Kuru Irregular Verbs#
There are only two: Suru (to do) and Kuru (to come).
Suru Verbs (Suru Irregular Verbs)#
Verbs that end with "する" or the hiragana character "する".
For example: 勉強する (to study), 話す (to speak), 運転する (to drive)...
The stems of these verbs do not remain fixed like Godan and Ichidan verbs, but change in different grammatical forms.
Kuru Verbs (Kuru Irregular Verbs)#
There is only one: 来る (to come).
Verb Conjugation Forms for Suru (to do)#
| Conjugation | Representative Form | Meaning (Continuation) | Pronunciation Change | Completed Change | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Conjugation | 未然形 (Negative Form) | Negation (ない) | し | しない | Not do (Plain Form) |
| Second Conjugation | 连用形 (Continuative Form) | Polite Expression (ます) | し | します、しません | Do, not do (Polite Form) |
| Third Conjugation | 终止形 (Terminal Form) | End of Sentence (。) | Unchanged | する。 | Do. (Plain Form) |
| Fourth Conjugation | 连体形 (Attributive Form) | Modify Noun (Noun) | Unchanged | する時 | When doing |
| Fifth Conjugation | 假定形 (Hypothetical Form) | Hypothetical Condition (ば) | すれ（re） | すれば… | If do... |
| Sixth Conjugation | 命令形 (Imperative Form) | Command, After Command (ろ・よ) | し・せ | しろ・せよ | Go do! |
| Seventh Conjugation | 意量形 (Volitional Form) | Willingness (よう) | し | しよう。 | Let's do! |
The table may not be complete, for other meanings, please refer to the following:
- First Conjugation (
するし、せ、さ):- 未然形 (Negative Form): しない
- 未然形 (Negative Classical Form): せぬ
- Causative Form (せる): させる
- Passive Form (れる): される
- Passive Masu Form: されます
- Causative Passive Form: させられる
- Second Conjugation (
するし):- 连用形 (Te Form): して
- Fifth Conjugation (
するで、すれ):- Potential Form: できる
- Conditional Form/Realis Form/Hypothetical Form: すれば
Verb Conjugation Forms for Kuru (to come)#
| Conjugation | Representative Form | Meaning (Continuation) | Pronunciation Change | Completed Change | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Conjugation | 未然形 (Negative Form) | Negation (ない) | こ | こない | Not come (Plain Form) |
| Second Conjugation | 连用形 (Continuative Form) | Polite Expression (ます) | き | きます、きません | Come, not come (Polite Form) |
| Third Conjugation | 终止形 (Terminal Form) | End of Sentence (。) | Unchanged | くる。 | Come. (Plain Form) |
| Fourth Conjugation | 连体形 (Attributive Form) | Modify Noun (Noun) | Unchanged | くる時 | When coming |
| Fifth Conjugation | 假定形 (Hypothetical Form) | Hypothetical Condition (ば) | くれ（re） | くれば… | If come... |
| Sixth Conjugation | 命令形 (Imperative Form) | Command, After Command (。) | こい | こい。 | Come! |
| Seventh Conjugation | 意量形 (Volitional Form) | Willingness (よう) | こ | こよう。 | Let's come! |
The table may not be complete, for other meanings, please refer to the following:
- First Conjugation (
くるこ):- Negative Form (ない): 来ない
- Negative Classical Form (ぬ): 来ぬ
- Causative Form (させる): 来させる
- Passive Form (られる): 来られる
- Passive Masu Form (れます): 来られます
- Second Conjugation (
くるき):- 连用形 (Te Form): きて
- Fifth Conjugation (
くるこ、く):- Potential Form: こられる
- Conditional Form/Realis Form/Hypothetical Form: くれば
Conjugation of "Suru" and "Kuru" in "Te Form", "Ta Form", and Potential Form#
| Conjugation | Verb Te Form | Verb Ta Form | Verb Tai Form (Desire) | Verb Potential Form (After becoming potential form, all new words are Type II verbs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suru (to do) | して | した | したい | できる |
| Kuru (to come) | きて | きた | きたい | こられる |
This text is borrowed and learned from 【時雨の町】.